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material monism
Material monism is a Presocratic belief which provides an explanation of the physical world by saying that all of the world's objects are composed of a single element. Among the material monists were the three Milesian philosophers: Thales, who believed that everything was composed of water; Anaximander, who believed it was ''apeiron''; and Anaximenes, who believed it was air.〔Curd, Patricia, ''A Presocratics Reader: Selected Fragments and Testimonia'' (Hackett Publishing, 1996), pp. 9, 11 & 14.〕
Although their theories were primitive, these philosophers were the first to give an explanation of the physical world without referencing the supernatural; this opened the way for much of modern science (and philosophy), which has the same goal of explaining the world without dependence on the supernatural.〔Lindberg, David C., ''The Beginnings of Western Science'' (University of Chicago Press, 2010), pp. 28–9.〕
== Notes ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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